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To find out the number of pages that are indexed by Google (or any search engine), it is quite simple.  First go to the main page of the search engine you would like to check to see how many of your site’s pages it has indexed.

In the search box where you would normal type in a search query, instead type in  site:yourdomain.com replacing yourdomain.com with your domain and you should get an approximate results of the amount of pages indexed in the search engine and also see how the search engine sees those pages (based on its last visit to that page).

Links that point to a site, or back links as they are commonly called, can be checked one of two ways.  The quickest and probably easiest way is to go to the search engine you would like to find backlinks to your site from, and in the search field (this is legal), type in the keyword phrase link:domain.com replacing domain.com with your domain.  This should give you at least some of the sites linking back to your domain (the number of backlinks).

Another way is to log into one of the webmaster center pages for the big search engines, and usually here you can find a list of backlinks that the search engine recognizes to your site as long as you have taken the correct steps to verify your site as outlined at their site.